Research Section Changelog
Table of Contents

⚠ Disclaimer: This entry may be incomplete, out of date, or inaccurate. It is AI-maintained on a best-effort basis. Do not rely on it as a sole source — verify claims independently using the sources listed below.

  • 2026-07-19: Updated Model for DisCo Compute — expanded monetization into subsections: software-stack deep dive (four planes w/ build-effort shape; power plane = the moat), token-marketplace design (firm vs. interruptible tokens, TTFT/latency-class routing, attestation-backed quality verification); added §13.4 water-rationing hedge (TX 7th drought year, Edwards Stage 4→3, Ogallala decline — AWG output uncorrelated w/ rationing triggers); moved balance-of-system BOM after token economics to restore §6→§7 flow.

  • 2026-07-19: Updated Model for DisCo Compute — added iso-power 8× H200 NVL variant (~1.7× throughput break-even vs. D8; buys frontier-model reach not cheaper tokens), component-level cooling-loop BOM w/ vendors + microfluidic cold plate assessment (Corintis/JetCool commercial; win is hotter loop), balance-of-system BOM w/ build-vs-buy flags (sub-10 kW CDU is the key market gap), and waste-heat AWG-to-potable cost model (~50–170 L/day tracking absolute humidity; ~$0.05/L, 35–65× municipal); added per-model throughput estimates w/ two-bound formula footnotes to both model-menu tables.

  • 2026-07-18: Created 2 Cooling entries: Mojave Energy Systems (Xerox PARC spinout, AquaDry names data centers as target app, DoD SERDP demo) and Blue Frontier (NREL-licensed ESEAC/BF-DOAS, no disclosed data-center use yet); cross-linked Uravu Labs, power-infrastructure, and Model for DisCo Compute on the shared waste-heat-driven liquid-desiccant theme; flagged Advantix Systems/Be Power Tech/EnerFuel alumni overlap across both companies’ founders.

  • 2026-07-18: Updated Model for DisCo Compute — added utilization sensitivity (55% breakeven at $0.60/M tokens) and a five-tier network monetization section w/ software stack and marketplace integration.

  • 2026-07-18: Updated Model for DisCo Compute — added summer waste-heat paths: liquid-desiccant dehumidification (Mojave AquaDry 43–82°C regen match) and sorbent AWG (~110–260 L/day, adiabatic-assist loop closure); cross-linked Uravu/MOF-801/Atoco.

  • 2026-07-18: Updated Model for DisCo Compute — added waste-heat recovery section (DHW tap ~$600–700/yr, cold-climate hydronic “DisCo-North” variant) and standardized all configs on a 45 kWh battery.

  • 2026-07-18: Updated Model for DisCo Compute — added secondary-market GPU scenarios incl. NVSwitch power/cost/cooling: used A100 wins $/GB not $/token; used H100 HGX at ~$6k/module reaches token-cost parity.

  • 2026-07-18: Updated Model for DisCo Compute — added solar-augmented scenarios (12 kW PV + 40–50 kWh storage): solar hurts $/token at homeowner pricing, pays only via fleet ITC/MACRS; buys summer grid-zero operation and qualification headroom.

  • 2026-07-18: Created Model for DisCo Compute — engineering/cost model replicating Span XFRA: 8× RTX PRO 6000 residential unit, ~6.1 kW on 40A/240V, 27 kWh battery buffer, ~$127–173k build, ~$0.24–0.36/M tokens.

  • 2026-07-18: Created Virtual Power Plants subsection + 7 entries: Sunrun (NASDAQ: RUN, 217K batteries, Shift VPP), Tesla Energy VPP (1M+ Powerwalls, Autobidder), Renew Home (Nest Renew + OhmConnect, 8M+ thermostats), Voltus (C&I DR, terminated Broadscale SPAC, Google BYOC customer), Enel North America VPP (Enel X Flex, EnerNOC lineage), CPower (LS Power-owned), Uplight (AutoGrid + Octopus Energy majority stake); documents the Jun 24 2026 Sunrun/Tesla/Renew Home 16.8 GW joint VPP program aimed at AI datacenter demand; updated Energy index and cross-linked from Base Power.

  • 2026-07-18: Created Distributed & Decentralized Compute subsection + 2 entries: Akash Network (decentralized GPU marketplace, new Homenode consumer-GPU product), Span (XFRA distributed data center w/ NVIDIA, PulteGroup); updated Datacenters index.

  • 2026-07-18: Updated Base Power — corrected “100 MWh deployed” claim from Verified to Unverified (sole source was company press release, not independent); added Factory Two ($265M plant, 500 jobs), Chicagoland/Austin Energy launches, and flagged unresolved 15K vs. 20K homes discrepancy across Base’s own releases.

  • 2026-07-18: Created Valkyrie (NASA R5) — deep dive on NASA JSC’s 2013 DRC humanoid, its zero-point Trials failure (network bug, not hardware), IHMC/MIT/Northeastern/Edinburgh distribution, ongoing Woodside Energy (Australia) remote-manipulation program (2026–2027 demos), and its direct lineage into Apptronik’s founding team; cross-linked from Apptronik, UT-SEA, and Humanoid Robots index.

  • 2026-07-18: Created UT Series Elastic Actuator (UT-SEA) — deep dive on Nicholas Paine’s 2014 UT dissertation, RFSEA ball-screw architecture vs. harmonic drives, NASA Valkyrie/X1 origins, and Apptronik’s 8-patent commercialization family; cross-linked from Apptronik and Actuators index.

  • 2026-07-18: Created Robotic Hands & Dexterous Manipulation subsection + 3 entries: Inspire Robots 🇨🇳 (10,000+ hand units delivered 2025), Tesollo (South Korea, Series B + IPO prep), PSYONIC (US, Ability Hand + ABB Robotics partnership); created Neura Robotics (Germany, $1.4B Series C, 4NE1 Mini home robot); updated Robotics and Humanoid Robots indexes.

  • 2026-07-18: Updated Apptronik — Robot Park expansion + Apollo 2 (bipedal/wheeled) unveiled Jul 2026, Apollo 3 commercial product targeted 2027; updated 1X Technologies — NEO consumer pre-orders opened Oct 2025 ($20K or $499/mo), 22-DoF hands, Tendon Drive actuation specs.

  • 2026-07-17: Created Property Owner Rights vs. Drone Operator Rules (US & UK) — FAA Part 107 / UK CAA A1/A2/A3 altitude and distance rules; Causby/Ciraolo/Riley/Kyllo case law; Florida’s thermal/LIDAR-inclusive imaging definition; confirms ground-level altitude does not legalize self-help drone capture; cross-linked from Privacy/Trespass and Regulatory Framework entries.

  • 2026-07-17: Expanded Uhnder to full steering compliance — added Key People and Claim Verification; sourced S81 specs and Series D ($50M, ACME Capital) to primary press releases; flagged stale company team page (cofounder Curtis Davis died 2023; CFO Bedewi departed 2026).

  • 2026-07-17: Expanded Sceye to full steering compliance — added Key People (CEO Frandsen, CFO Koutsarov) and Claim Verification sections; corrected airship length to 270 ft; sourced Series C ($525M pre-money) and SoftBank funding, flagging the 2025 commercial-launch timeline as unmet.

  • 2026-07-17: Created MIMO Radar Projects subsection under Drone Detection covering Multiple-Input Multiple-Output digital antenna-array radar for drone detection, with 5 entries: Advanced Protection Systems (Polish FIELDctrl 3D MIMO C-UAS radar family), RADA / Leonardo DRS (MHR digital MIMO 4D AESA family, RPS-82 integrated into DroneShield), Fraunhofer FHR (German research institute, AKIRA urban drone-monitoring project), Vayyar Imaging (XRR 48-channel MIMO RFIC, dual-use automotive/security), Uhnder (Digital Code Modulation MIMO radar-on-chip, automotive-focused enabling tech); linked from Drone Detection topic areas and Companies tables.

  • 2026-07-17: Created High-Altitude Platforms (Airships & Balloons) subsection under Drone Detection covering stratospheric HAPS as drone/missile-detection sensor platforms, with 7 entries: Sceye (NM solar airship), World View / Ondas Stratollite (acquired by Ondas 2026, integrated with Sentrycs + Palantir AIP), Aerostar (Army HELIOS/HAP-DS, Airbus partnership), Urban Sky (Project Wallabee w/ Applied Intuition ATR), TCOM (tethered aerostat radar, JLENS descendant), Hemeria/Safran BalMan (ELINT/EW balloon), Kalam Labs (India, Pokhran/LAC deployment); linked from Drone Detection topic areas and Companies tables.

  • 2026-07-16: Added 3 Atmospheric Water Generation competitor entries: AirJoule Technologies (NASDAQ: AIRJ, PNNL-licensed, GE Vernova + CATL 🇨🇳 JVs), WaHa (also Yaghi-founded 2018, heat-pump desiccant regeneration), Uravu Labs (liquid desiccant, pivoting to data center water-positive cooling); updated Companies tables and cross-linked Atoco/Yaghi overlap.

  • 2026-07-15: Created Atmospheric Water Generation section + 2 entries: MOF-801 (Yaghi zirconium-fumarate MOF; 20% RH uptake, 40°C regeneration swing), Atoco (Yaghi-founded, Irvine CA; on-grid 2-4k L/day, off-grid up to 1k L/day). Added to main Research topic listing.

  • 2026-07-15: Created 8 new robotics subsections, each with an index and company entries: Flight Controllers, Electronic Speed Controllers, Gimbals & Camera Stabilization, Propellers & Propulsion Mechanics, Airframe Structural Materials, Encoders, Slip Rings, Antennas; updated robotics index Subsections and Key Themes.

  • 2026-07-14: Created Robotics Connectors subsection covering Micro-D/Nano-D, hybrid power+data, and board-to-board connectors, plus Drone Battery Power Connectors (XT/AS/Amass); linked from robotics index.

  • 2026-07-12: Created Lithium-Air Batteries overview (theoretical 12,000 Wh/kg vs. ~700 Wh/kg disclosed pack-level; cycle life, rate, and cost tradeoffs) + Air Energy (Chicago DOE ARPA-E-funded IIT/Argonne spinout, 1,000 Wh/kg cell-level); updated batteries and energy indexes.

  • 2026-07-09: Updated Drone Privacy, Trespass, and Criminal Misuse Law — added non-firearm self-help methods: net capture/disabling likely falls under 18 U.S.C. §32’s “disable” language (same 20-year exposure as shooting); RF jamming/GPS spoofing separately illegal under Communications Act regardless of method; UK SkyWall/net-gun systems legal only for authorized operators, not private citizens.

  • 2026-07-09: Created Drone Privacy, Trespass, and Criminal Misuse Law — US (state patchwork: FL 934.50, CA 1708.8, TX Ch. 423, VA), UK (Harassment Act/Sexual Offences Act/GDPR), Germany (administrative fines + BGB §823), France (Art. 226-1 criminal recording); civil vs. criminal line, shooting-down-a-drone risk (18 U.S.C. §32), and when to call police vs. file FAA/CAA complaint; linked from drone-detection index.

  • 2026-07-09: Updated Griddy — added Key People section on founders Gregory Craig (now CEO, Star Energy Partners) and Nick Bain (unconfirmed current “Sun Farms” role), plus last CEO Michael Fallquist (now co-CEO Energywell / CEO Think Energy); noted shared Macquarie Bank ties among all three.

  • 2026-07-09: Created FERC (5-seat federal commission; current roster: Chairman Swett, Rosner, See, Chang, LaCerte, with education/career backgrounds and LinkedIn links) + PUCT (Texas’s ERCOT regulator; current roster: Chairman Gleeson, Jackson, Hjaltman — flagged discrepancy between statutory 5-seat design and 3 names on official site); linked from grid-markets index.

  • 2026-07-09: Created Winter Storm Uri (Feb 2021 ERCOT failure; 246 official deaths vs. 700-800+ excess-mortality estimates; $16B price-cap overbilling) + [Griddy](/research/energy/grid-markets/griddy/) (wholesale-pass-through REP; ~29,000 customers billed ~$29M during Uri; 2021 bankruptcy) as failure case studies in grid-markets; cross-linked with ERCOT Market Design entry.

  • 2026-07-09: Created Grid Markets & Policy section + ERCOT Market Design — energy-only market, FERC exemption, retail choice, ADER pilot, interconnection speed vs. PJM/MISO/CAISO, and Base Power’s Jun 2026 Illinois/PJM expansion as a portability test; linked from energy index and Base Power entry.

  • 2026-07-09: Created Base Power — Austin home-battery VPP startup; $1B Series C at $4B valuation (Oct 2025); CoServ/Austin Energy/GVEC/El Paso Electric deals; new Tier 4 (Residential/Distributed BESS) added to batteries index.

  • 2026-07-09: Created Local AI Tools section + Voicebox (MIT, 37.9k stars, 7-engine local voice cloning/TTS, MCP agent-voice server); added to main Research topic listing.

  • 2026-07-09: Updated DNA-Inspired Molecular Solar Thermal Storage (Pyrimidone) — added Science cover feature (Apr 23), UCLA follow-up naming top derivative D-3 and design mechanism, 2 new co-authors (Maertens, Zhou).

  • 2026-07-09: Created STMicroelectronics VL53L9CX — FlightSense dToF LiDAR, ~2.3k-zone (54x42) resolution, 100 Hz, 8.8m max range; currently evaluation/sampling stage; updated STM incumbents row.

  • 2026-07-09: Created LightTact — CMU/Bosch RSS 2026 visual-tactile fingertip sensor; deformation-independent optical contact sensing for liquids/soft materials; linked from robotics/sensors index.

  • 2026-07-09: Created AERIS-10 (PLFM_RADAR) — open-source 10.5 GHz phased array PLFM radar (3km/20km variants, FPGA Doppler/CFAR); linked from micro-doppler-radar.md. Expanded with Crowd Supply crowdfunding launch details (Q3 2026 campaign, Mouser-backed) and a flagged FPGA part-number discrepancy between sources.

  • 2026-07-07: Conformance audit of 20 drone-detection company entries — filled missing Key People/Notable Developments/Claim Verification sections; surfaced D-Fend + CRFS reported Motorola acquisitions and DroneShield’s CEO transition; updated Companies tables.

  • 2026-07-07: Created Echodyne (US MESA radar, $490M USAF SUADS contract, integrated into Dedrone) + BlueSky Mast (portable elevation masts for field C-UAS sensors). Updated DroneShield (June 2026 US JITF-401 contract, Q3 swarm-detection software update) and Dedrone (Echodyne radar integration, 300% YoY growth) with 2026 developments.

  • 2026-07-07: Split RF Detection into cooperative Remote ID Monitoring and non-cooperative RF Direction Finding (new entry); updated cross-links in detection-methods index, swarm-detection.md, deployment-architecture.md, and section steering doc.

  • 2026-07-07: Created CRFS RFeye (UK non-cooperative RF signal-hunting, L3Harris/Rafael integration) + 2 entries: Sensofusion Airfence (Finnish, deployed since 2016), Tron Future T.Sensor (Taiwanese, 400 MHz–6 GHz, AESA stack). Updated rf-detection.md and hardware index with non-cooperative RF triangulation distinction.

  • 2026-07-07: Created International Remote ID Requirements — compares UK (2026-2028 phase-in), EU (mandatory since 2024 + U-space Network RID), China (dual broadcast+network, May 2026), Japan mandates; linked from US regulatory-framework.md.

  • 2026-07-07: Created droneRemoteIDSpoofer — Cyber-Defence Campus WiFi/BLE Remote ID spoofer (scapy, MIT); linked as Phantom-Proof’s spoofer reference.

  • 2026-07-07: Created DragonSync (CoT gateway for Remote ID/DJI DroneID, WarDragon kit core) + 2 entries: iNTERCEPT (multi-domain SIGINT platform with drone module), Phantom-Proof (passive-radar Remote ID spoof verification).

  • 2026-07-07: Created Mesh-Mapper — dual-core ESP32 WiFi/BT Remote ID detector; Flask web map + Meshtastic mesh alerting; FAA lookup.

  • 2026-07-06: Created Soundryx — San Francisco acoustic C-UAS startup founded Jan 2025 by James Mishra (ex-Neocrym); acoustic sensor network for drones, vehicles, gunshots; updated drone-detection hardware and section indexes.

  • 2026-07-03: Updated People Network Mapping in research steering doc (_index.md) — Key People entries must now search for and link public social media accounts (X/Twitter, Bluesky, Mastodon, GitHub, personal sites).

  • 2026-07-03: Created Vigil Autonomy — Austin C-UAS benchmark startup, founded Aug 2025; CommonDefense multi-spectral dataset.

  • 2026-06-29: Created Software Philosophy section + Unix Philosophy — origins at Bell Labs 1969–1978; McIlroy/Thompson/Ritchie; 17 Raymond rules; GNU/Linux influence; pro/con including Unix security model (ambient authority, confused deputy, pledge/unveil); MIT vs New Jersey divide; BSD/AT&T divergence; applications beyond software (Conway’s Law, MVP, QWERTY/VHS, Android/iOS, Jacobs urbanism with US examples); general case (Scott’s metis/high modernism, Alexander pattern language, Hayek spontaneous order, Raymond’s Cathedral and Bazaar, Illich convivial tools).

  • 2026-06-29: Created LFAM section + 5 entries: Thermwood LSAM (Boeing 777X tooling, AFRL LCRT, Bell blade mold); Ingersoll MasterPrint (450 m³, UMaine wind blade tooling, MasterPrint Deployable); AML3D (WAAM, Virginia-class Cu-Ni in 5 wks vs 17 mo, 1,600 Navy components by 2030); Caracol AM ($40M Series B, Heron AM robotic, ESA AIMIS); CEAD (Flexbot, continuous fiber, Maritime Application Center).

  • 2026-06-29: Created Naval Drones / ASVs section + 3 entries: Saronic Technologies (Corsair/Mirage/Marauder ASVs, $9.25B valuation, $392M Navy contract, MUSV Marketplace, Echelon software); HavocAI ($185M raised, 30+ DoD vessels, Hanwha 200-ft ASV partnership, GPS-denied air-sea demo); Anduril ASV (HD Hyundai partnership, MASC candidate, Seattle shipyard). Created Undersea Drones / AUVs section + 3 entries: Anduril Undersea (Ghost Shark XLUUV ADF delivery Nov 2025, Dive-XL US Navy XLUUV selection Mar 2026, Copperhead-100M/500M munitions); L3Harris Iver4 (TTLR torpedo-tube AUV launch/recovery, DIU contract Mar 2026); Lockheed Lamprey (hull-attaching hydrogen AUV, 14-month internal dev, Feb 2026). Updated Robotics index with both new subsections.

  • 2026-06-26: Created ROS 2 Overview — DDS transport, QoS, ros2_control, micro-ROS, Nav2/MoveIt2, hardware survey, best practices.

  • 2026-06-23: Created ROS 2 Ecosystem section + 7 entries: PickNik Robotics, Robotis, Synapticon, Zivid, Stereolabs, Force-Torque Sensors subsection, Bota Systems.

  • 2026-06-19: Added Source Verification Rules to research steering doc (_index.md) — 6 rules: fetch-before-write, no bare numbers without source, leadership/location/funding claims require verified sources.

  • 2026-06-19: Created 3 robotics subsections + 5 entries: Software & Integration (SVT Robotics, Robust AI, Vecna Robotics); Industrial Robots (Universal Robots); AMR & Logistics (6 River Systems).

  • 2026-06-18: Added Cincinnati, OH relocation profile (20th city); updated city-comparison.md and relocation index.

  • 2026-06-17: Created city-comparison.md — radar chart comparison of all 19 US profiles on Safety, Diversity, Affordability; 4 regional clusters with Mermaid charts.

  • 2026-06-17: Added Event Venues, Sports Teams, Motorsports, and Shooting Ranges subsections to all 19 US city profiles. See Relocation section for individual city details.

  • 2026-06-17: Added Comedy Clubs, Catholic Churches, Maker Spaces, Seasonal Recreation, Festivals, and Tourism subsections to all 12 remaining US city profiles (Charleston SC + 11 others). See Relocation section for details.

  • 2026-06-16: Added Local Flavor sections (cat cafes, coffee, bookstores, consignment, hospitals, crime) to all 20 city profiles. See Relocation section for individual city details.

  • 2026-06-16: Added Panama City, Panama — first international relocation entry; territorial tax, Pensionado/Friendly Nations visas, USD economy, Johns Hopkins-affiliated hospital, restrictive gun laws, FATCA friction.

  • 2026-06-16: Added Charleston, SC relocation profile — Boeing 787, Joint Base Charleston, Port of Charleston (8th largest US), Volvo EV plant; tidal flood risk; Google $9B data center.

  • 2026-06-16: Added 6 relocation profiles: Greenville-Spartanburg, Savannah, Chattanooga, Huntsville, Tampa, Columbus.

  • 2026-06-16: Added 5 relocation profiles: Seattle, Herndon/NoVA, Mobile, New Orleans, Miami.

  • 2026-06-15: Added Firearms & Self-Defense Laws section to all 7 relocation profiles. Spectrum: TX (most permissive) → TN → NC → NM → CO (most restrictive; SB25-003 semi-auto ban effective Aug 2026).

  • 2026-06-15: Created 4 relocation profiles: Charlotte, NC; Nashville, TN; San Antonio, TX; El Paso, TX.

  • 2026-06-15: Created Relocation Research section + 3 profiles: Albuquerque, NM; Denver, CO; Austin, TX.

  • 2026-06-11: Created LoRA Adapter Versioning and Rollback — base/adapter directory separation; training run metadata schema; multi-version Ollama registration; rollback procedure; merge+quantize workflow; what to keep vs. delete.

  • 2026-06-11: Created Context Window Management — token counting in the agentic loop; targeted command selection; output truncation with header/footer preservation; two-pass summarization; sliding window with progress injection; Apple Silicon KV cache memory and num_ctx guidance by hardware tier.

  • 2026-06-11: Created Synthetic Data Generation — generation architecture (large model generates, small model trains); generation prompt structure per competency; common generation failures (hallucinated options, simplified show output, scope creep to Cisco); domain expert review cost table (~125 hours for 10K examples); deduplication with sentence embeddings.

  • 2026-06-11: Created System Prompt Engineering — four components of a specialist system prompt (role, platform scope, constraints, output format); mandatory training-inference consistency; few-shot examples in the system prompt; common failure modes and fixes; version control pairing system prompt with adapter and training data.

  • 2026-06-11: Created Evaluating a Fine-Tuned Model — eval set construction (build before training, stratify by competency, include examples not used to write training data); exact-match, command-presence, and LLM-judge scoring; general capability regression checks; automated eval pipeline at temperature 0; acceptable performance thresholds by task type; iteration tracking table.

  • 2026-06-10: Created Temperature and Sampling — logit scaling mechanism (logits / T before softmax); effect at T=0.1 through T=2.0 with network CLI example; temperature and reasoning models (thinking-phase vs. final-answer); top-p nucleus sampling and top-k; greedy decoding pitfalls; Ollama Modelfile settings for config generation vs. troubleshooting.

  • 2026-06-10: Updated LoRA and QLoRA — added dense vs. MoE fine-tuning section: routing problem, uneven adapter updates, expert collapse, 4 practical strategies, target module names for Mixtral/Llama 4/Qwen3, memory table, and when MoE fine-tuning is worth pursuing.

  • 2026-06-10: Created Model Internals: Weights, MoE, and Inference — named tensor structure; KV cache mechanics; MoE routing (sparse, fine-grained, shared experts); GGUF quantization table; prefill vs. decode phases; MoE serving challenges; full query trace.

  • 2026-06-10: Created Config Generation vs. Troubleshooting — compiler vs. detective framing; parameterized interaction pattern for VPN/PSK prompting; separate LoRA adapter architecture; training data requirements table.

  • 2026-06-10: Created RAG vs. Fine-Tuning — skills vs. facts framing; decision matrix; combined architecture with ChromaDB for device-config retrieval alongside fine-tuned network expert model.

  • 2026-06-10: Updated Base Models for Fine-Tuning — refreshed all 6 families to mid-2026: Llama 4 Scout/Maverick (MoE, Apr 2025), Mistral Small 4 + Ministral 14B (Dec 2025–Mar 2026), Gemma 4 31B Apache 2.0 (Apr 2026), Phi-4-reasoning (May 2025), Qwen3/3.5 (Apr 2025–Feb 2026), DeepSeek V3.1/V4/R1 distills (2025–Apr 2026); full release history and selection guide per tier.

  • 2026-06-10: Created Local LLM Fine-Tuning section + 11 entries: LLM Pretraining (transformer arch; next-token prediction; base model mechanics), Fine-Tuning Mechanics (SFT; domain adaptation; catastrophic forgetting), LoRA and QLoRA (rank adapters; 4-bit quantization; Mac Mini viable), Dataset Formats (Alpaca/ShareGPT/ChatML; multi-turn preferred), Network Engineering Data (5 competency areas; 10K–19K examples; Juniper/Cisco separate), Apple Silicon (MLX; M4 Max 128GB; 6–10hr for 10K examples), Cloud GPU (A100 $1.50/hr; 1.5–2.5hr; $3–10 total), Juniper Expert (Llama 3.1 8B; JunOS full product line; 16K examples), Cisco Expert (IOS-XE/NX-OS/ASA; multi-OS tagging; 20K examples), Edge Deployment (Ollama; Netmiko SSH; agentic command loop; human-in-loop).

  • 2026-06-07: Created AI Accelerators section + 6 entries: AMD Instinct Overview (CDNA 1–5 roadmap; ~5–7% AI GPU share; $5B+ 2024 revenue), MI300 Series (CDNA 3; 192 GB HBM3; fastest AMD ramp ever), MI350 Series (CDNA 4; 288 GB HBM3e; MXFP4; shipping 2H 2025), MI400 & Helios (CDNA 5; 72 GPUs; 31 TB HBM4; 2.9 ExaFLOPS FP4; H2 2026), ROCm (open-source CUDA alternative; HIP compat layer; ROCm 7), Pensando Pollara (400G UltraEthernet AI NIC; scale-out fabric for Instinct clusters).

  • 2026-06-07: Updated Connector Supply Chain — added Investability section: Stäubli/Danfoss/CEJN private (no direct route); PH/DOV indirect public plays; VRT pure-play infrastructure; ASTK small-cap with Chinese acquisition overhang (Suzhou Chunqiu DKK 540M offer Nov 2025).

  • 2026-06-07: Created Liquid Cooling Interconnects + Connector Supply Chain — UQD/UQDB/BMQC/LQC/MQD families; OCP ORv3 blind-mate spec; 5 Western vendors ~63–73% share; demand outpacing qualified supply through 2026.

  • 2026-06-06: Created Utah datacenter opposition — Stratos Project (O’Leary Digital, 40,000 acres → 10,000 acres, 9 GW power, Box Elder County); MIDA governance controversy (unelected body, dual-role legislators); constitutional lawsuit filed June 4 2026 (Alliance for a Better Utah v. MIDA); O’Leary claims of CCP-linked foreign funding of opposition via Arabella Advisors/Singham network; named organizations (Alliance for a Better Utah, Elevate Strategies) denied claims; Bitcoin Policy Institute May 2026 report documents three foreign-influence vectors (CCP state media, Singham network, foreign-billionaire dark money) converging on anti-datacenter campaign. Updated datacenter-opposition index — added Stratos Project to tracker; added Utah to state breakdown; added extended foreign-influence claims and research section under Funding Networks.

  • 2026-06-05: Created Allen Control Systems — Austin TX; Bullfrog autonomous weapon station (M240/M2/M230/M134 variants); AI/EO/IR/laser rangefinder; ~$10/kill claimed; SOCOM maritime contract Sept 2025; Army AAL $1.5M+ Dec 2025; $30M Series A Mar 2025; $200M Series B $2.2B valuation Jun 2026; 57k sqft Austin facility; South Korea and UAE customers; effective against fiber-optic/RF-dark threats (physical defeat not RF-dependent).

  • 2026-06-05: Created Ukraine Lessons Learned — battlefield drone countermeasures 2024–2026; interceptor drones (80% intercept rate, 100K produced 2025), rotating barbed wire fiber-optic cable cutters (Ukraine field expedient Oct 2025), RF jamming effectiveness collapse vs. fiber-optic/autonomous threats, directed-energy weapons (not yet operationally deployed), physical barrier effectiveness, SAM economic unsustainability. Updated Threat Taxonomy fiber-optic FPV entry with rotating barbed wire countermeasure detail.

  • 2026-06-05: Created drone-detection session 3 — 4 entries: Deployment Architecture (fixed-site design pattern; sensor geometry, integration pipeline, power/networking, maintenance), Sentrycs (Israeli CoRF; $200M Ondas acq Nov 2025; Horizon AI engine; Scout portable 2026), [Skydio C-UAS](/research/drone-detection/hardware/skydio-cuas/) (X10/X10D; drone-in-a-box; $4.4B Series F; Army $52M; Blue UAS), [Swarm Detection](/research/drone-detection/detection-methods/swarm-detection/) (track saturation; RF noise; ELTA/IAI swarm solutions; $2.36B market 2025).

  • 2026-06-05: Created drone-detection session 2 — 4 entries: Regulatory Framework (detect-only for private; SAFER SKIES SLTT interdiction pathway; CISA Be Air Aware), Threat Taxonomy (5 categories; fiber-optic FPV defeats all RF countermeasures), Acoustic ML Pipeline (RPi + MEMS + MFCC; Wang 2025 32-class dataset; ~$150 BOM), [AeroDefense AirWarden](/research/drone-detection/hardware/aerodefense-airwarden/) (RF spectrum sensing; detects drone + pilot; correctional/CI focus; from $9,987/yr).

  • 2026-06-05: Created Drone Detection section + 16 entries: Micro-Doppler Radar (primary method; 89–98% bird discrimination; AI spectrogram classification), RF/Remote ID (FAA compliant drones only; zero coverage fiber-optic/autonomous), Acoustic Detection (100–500m; works on RF-dark drones), Optical/Thermal (only modality for fiber-optic threats), Multi-Sensor Fusion, OpenDroneID, DJI DroneID Decoder (GNU Radio/SDR; 1.5–3.7km), Dedrone/Axon, DroneShield (DRO:ASX), Fortem Technologies (Lockheed $25M Apr 2026), Aaronia AARTOS (RF 14km), Robin Radar IRIS (3D micro-Doppler), D-Fend EnforceAir (cyber-takeover; federal-only), Marduk Piraya (passive EO; Siil 2025 2km), DroneHunter F700 (net-capture; 5k+ captures; Ukraine), Rafael Hunter Eagle (VTOL; no explosive; 2026 demo).

  • 2026-06-04: Created Meta Rapid Deployment Structures — fabric tent GPU clusters; 5 × 125k sqft tents at New Albany OH; halved build time; paired with Williams 400 MW BTM gas. Created Williams Companies BTM — pipeline operator turned BTM power developer; Socrates 400 MW Ohio (Meta, 10-yr deal); $5.1B committed; 6 GW target by 2027.

  • 2026-06-02: Created Quantum Key Distribution section + zerothird — Austrian eQKD startup; BBM92 entanglement-based, 350 km claimed; Erste Group/A1 Telekom pilot; VERBUND X Ventures Seed+; IQOQI Vienna founders.

  • 2026-05-11: Created Georgia datacenter opposition — Project Sail (Prologis/Atlas, 829 acres, ~900 MW, $17B, Coweta County); 3–2 commission approval April 11 2026; lobbyist access scandal (DeSmog investigation); Citizens for Rural Coweta (8,000+ signatures, PAC formation); May 2026 lawsuit to void rezoning; Ashley Park–Wansley 500 kV transmission line (300+ parcels, eminent domain risk). Created infrastructure overspill issue — structural analysis of eminent domain and property displacement from datacenter-serving transmission lines; case studies: Maryland Piedmont Reliability Project, Virginia Dominion loop, NextEra Midatlantic Resiliency Link (PA→VA), Georgia Ashley Park–Wansley; legislative responses; organizing strategy implications. Updated datacenter-opposition index — added Project Sail to project tracker; added Georgia to state breakdown; added infrastructure overspill as new key theme and key takeaway.

  • 2026-05-05: Created Hitachi Energy — world’s largest transformer manufacturer; $43B backlog (3× three years ago); 40-month large-unit lead times; $6B capacity investment; CEO warned sector “overwhelmed” by datacenter + energy transition demand; DPA §303 Presidential Determination (Apr 20 2026) a direct policy catalyst. Updated power-infrastructure index — added DPA grid determination context, updated transformer lead times from 2–3 years to 24–40 months, added Hitachi Energy (HPS.A) and updated Eaton (ETN) to incumbents table. Updated GE Vernova aeroderivative entry — added DPA §303 determination to Q1 2026 financial snapshot.

  • 2026-04-30: Updated Virginia datacenter opposition — Added Compass Datacenters withdrawal from PW Digital Gateway (Apr 30); updated Contested Projects table status to Dead; Brookfield-backed Compass cited legal defeats, stricter regulations, and collapsed political support; QTS status uncertain.

  • 2026-04-30: Created Spectrolab + 2 entries: Azur Space (German GaAs space solar, 5N Plus subsidiary, 32% 4G32C), SolAero Technologies (Rocket Lab subsidiary, 1,100+ spacecraft, Ingenuity Mars helicopter).

  • 2026-04-29: Created Orbital Compute: First-Principles Economics — First-principles analysis of GPU energy budgets in LEO (solar irradiance, Stefan-Boltzmann thermal rejection, GPU power caps), satellite build cost model (bus + payload + I&T), launch cost table (Falcon 9 through Starship projections), per-GPU total deployed cost by scenario, technology gap assessment (ISLs for training, HBM radiation fragility, solar array specific power, satellite manufacturing scale, on-orbit hardware aging), and 10-year cost trajectory through 2036.

Overview

Subscribe via RSS

This page tracks important additions and modifications to the Research knowledge base. Log entries include:

  • New entry creation (new company, technology, person, or research page)
  • Major content revisions (rewrite of What It Is / How It Works, significant corrections to claims)
  • Supply chain discoveries (new shared supplier flags, strategic relationships)
  • Mass updates (bulk changes across multiple pages)

Do not log trivial changes: flag additions, minor formatting, small frontmatter tweaks, or routine fact-checking updates are not logged here.

Each entry is a one-line timestamped summary.

Changelog

  • 2026-04-29: Created Orbital Compute subsection + 5 entries: Google Project Suncatcher (TPU satellites, Planet Labs 2027 prototype), Starcloud (H100 in orbit Nov 2025; $170M Series A unicorn), [SpaceX Orbital](/research/datacenters/orbital-compute/spacex-orbital-compute/) (1M-sat FCC filing; Terafab D3 chips), [Aetherflux](/research/datacenters/orbital-compute/aetherflux/) ($50M, Galactic Brain, Q1 2027), Kepler Communications (largest orbital cluster 40 Orin/10 sats), Lonestar Data Holdings (lunar DR storage, Athena mission Feb 2026).
  • 2026-04-28: Added Zydeco Development / Project Hutto (70 MW, withdrawn Apr 17 2026) to Texas datacenter opposition — new case study section, updated contested projects table, updated section index tracker.
  • 2026-04-28: Aligned 6 behind-meter-power entries to steering: Caterpillar/Solar Turbines, Oklo BTM, Radiant Nuclear, Siemens Energy BTM, TerraPower BTM, USNC/NANO KRONOS MMR — added Summary, Key Facts, Notable Developments, Claim Verification to each; added steering blocks; expanded source_urls to 4–5 per entry.
  • 2026-04-28: Restructured Lithium Metal Batteries — added Summary, Key Facts, Notable Developments (12 milestones 2025–2026), Key Companies & Researchers, Claim Verification, and Risks & Uncertainties sections; updated stale_after_days to 90; expanded source URLs to 8.
  • 2026-04-28: Expanded Wärtsilä — added BESS (Quantum3, 19+ GWh deployed, Eraring 3.1 GWh AU), marine propulsion (cruise, container, island grids), Caribbean projects (USVI, Bahamas, BVI, Bonaire, Cayman), and TAM sizing (marine ~$25.6B; stationary recip ~$64-79B).
  • 2026-04-25: Created VITA 48 REDI thermal standards + 5 entries: GMS (X7 RAPTOR 1"×4" RuggedCool +75°C <$10K), Annapolis Micro Systems (WILD100 SOSA VPX; WC34D0 VITA 48.4 LFT), Core Systems (ATMOS stackable nodes; +60°C GPU), LCR Embedded Systems (35yr defense chassis integrator; open-source VITA 46.11 manager), 7Starlake LFT ATR (7SL-3500 500W closed-loop VITA 48.4). Updated half-rack overview with power/ruggedization specs; rugged-edge-compute index supply chain liquid cooling flag.
  • 2026-04-25: Created MicroTCA standard overview + 3 entries: VadaTech (Henderson NV; MCH+chassis+AMC; MTCA.0/1/3/4), N.A.T. GmbH (Hennef DE; NAT-MCH-G4; CERN/DESY/PSI), MicroTCA in 5G RAN (O-RAN DU; PTP/SyncE; 100 GbE fronthaul).
  • 2026-04-25: Created half-rack embedded compute form factor + 4 platform entries: Neousys SEMIL-1300 (2U fanless IP67, -40°C), ASUS RUC-1000 (600W GPU 2U; half-rack fanless), Galleon XSR (3U NAS 80TB 100 Gbps US-owned), 7Starlake THOR200-U8-D (2.5U NAS 64TB Xeon D MIL-STD-810).
  • 2026-04-25: Created new edge-ai-accelerators subsection with entries for Hailo (Hailo-8 26 TOPS/2.5W M.2/PCIe, Hailo-15 TSMC 5nm, Raspberry Pi AI HAT+) and EdgeCortix (SAKURA-I/II CGRA architecture, 40+ TOPS, defense/ISR focus, Tokyo HQ). Created 5 new rugged/semi-industrial edge compute entries: Crystal Group (Cedar Rapids IA; RE4100 shipboard MIL-STD-901D, RE1900M vehicle-mount), Neousys Technology (Advantech subsidiary; SEMIL-2200/2200GC fanless GPU AI servers), Premio (JCO-6000-ORN/JCO-3000-ORN Jetson Orin; RCO + EDGEBoost modular I/O), ADLINK Technology (AXE/DLAP rugged GPU servers; SOSA-aligned OpenVPX; TWSE:6166), DFI (Taiwan industrial fanless computers + GPU AI systems). Updated rugged-edge-compute index overview and tracker table.
  • 2026-04-25: Created datacenter-opposition section — regulatory, NIMBY, and grid-impact controversies around datacenter expansion; linked entries for environmental justice advocates, case studies (Mesa AZ water fights, Oregon permitting freezes), and incumbent utility opposition to behind-meter SMR/renewables power models.
  • 2026-04-25: Created 4 missing BTM power company profiles for behind-meter-power section: TerraPower Natrium (345 MW SMR + molten-salt storage, Meta 2.76 GW contract), Radiant Kaleidos (1.2 MWe microreactor, Equinix 20-unit preorder), Caterpillar Solar Turbines (1–39 MW gas turbines, Vertiv partnership Nov 2025), Siemens Energy (SGT series 40–200 MW heavy-frame turbines, modular 500 MW plants with Eaton). Resolved 5 Hugo REF_NOT_FOUND errors in _index.md.
  • 2026-04-19: Created Google Quantum AI — Willow 105-qubit (2024); below-threshold error correction (partially verified, Nature); 2019 supremacy claim classically matched (Frontier ~6 sec); dual-modality expansion to neutral atoms (Mar 2026).
  • 2026-04-17: Created Bitcoin PQC — BIP-360 (P2MR soft fork, BTQ testnet Mar 2026) and BIP-361 (coin freeze, Lopp vs. Back debate); ~28–35% BTC supply in long-exposure quantum-vulnerable state; Falcon/FN-DSA primary algorithm candidate; 5–10 year migration timeline estimate.
  • 2026-04-17: Created Ethereum PQC — EIP-8141 frame transactions (CFI Hegota H2 2026); leanSig/leanXMSS for validator attestation aggregation; pq.ethereum.org devnets active (Mar 2026); Strawmap targets full L1 PQC by ~2029; ~90M ETH at quantum exposure.
  • 2026-04-17: Created Other Chains PQC — Algorand (Falcon live on mainnet Nov 2025, first PQC mainnet tx); Solana (ML-DSA testnet 3,000 TPS Dec 2025); Cardano (Project Nightstream, Google/Microsoft collaboration Feb 2026); QRL (purpose-built XMSS→ML-DSA; Testnet V2 Mar 2026); exchange and wallet readiness (Coinbase advisory board; Trezor Safe 7).
  • 2026-04-17: Updated Cryptocurrencies PQC index — Phase 2 now active; platform status summary table; Google March 2026 paper context.
  • 2026-04-17: Updated Networking PQC vendor survey — Added confirmed GA release versions: Fortinet FortiOS 7.6.1 (earliest GA), Palo Alto PAN-OS 12.1 Orion (Aug 2025, broadest coverage), Check Point Gaia R82 (API-only), Cisco IOS XE 26 (full-stack Apr 2026) + ASA 9.19/FTD roadmap; OpenSSL 3.5 (ML-KEM default TLS); strongSwan 6.0.0; WireGuard PSK workaround; Cloudflare One (Feb 2026); Nokia ANYsec/QKD distinction; draft-ietf-ipsecme-ikev2-mlkem-05 IANA gap noted.
  • 2026-04-17: Updated Networking PQC index — Vendor table updated with confirmed GA release versions; research status updated.
  • 2026-04-17: Updated Post-Quantum Encryption section index — Phase 2 marked in progress; research phases table expanded.
  • 2026-04-15: Created Lasertec — EUV mask inspection monopoly; TSE:6920; actinic inspection sole supplier; Japan export controls; FY2025 ¥251.5B revenue.
  • 2026-04-15: Created Semiconductors section and Fabrication Equipment subsection — supply chain table, public company index with TradingView widget, steering guide for equipment and export controls.
  • 2026-04-15: Created Post-Quantum Encryption section — Phase 1 (networking): Sitehop, Juniper, and multi-vendor survey; Phase 2 (crypto) placeholder; full steering document with NIST FIPS 203/204/205 background.
  • 2026-04-15: Created Sitehop — UK PQC networking startup; FPGA-accelerated ML-KEM IPsec; University of Bristol spin-out; claim verification: line-rate PQC partially verified, govt contracts unverified.
  • 2026-04-15: Created Juniper PQC Support — Juniper (now HPE division) IKEv2/IPsec PQC roadmap; Junos OS status; GA release unconfirmed from public sources.
  • 2026-04-14: Created D-Wave Quantum — quantum annealer (not gate-based); Advantage2 4,400+ qubits; 2025 Science supremacy claim actively disputed; $550M QCI acquisition for gate-model entry.
  • 2026-04-07: Created Rigetti — Rigetti Computing (NASDAQ: RGTI) superconducting QPU vendor; Ankaa-3 84-qubit system; Fab-1 in-house foundry; FY2024 revenue $10.8M; documented 2022 roadmap miss.
  • 2026-04-07: Created SkyWater Technology — U.S. DOD Trusted Foundry; pending $1.8B IonQ acquisition (shareholder vote May 8, 2026); FY2025 revenue $442.1M. Updated IonQ entry and section index.
  • 2026-04-07: Created PsiQuantum — silicon photonics FTQC startup; $2.32B raised; DARPA QBI US2QC final phase selected; Victor Peng Interim CEO (Feb 2026).
  • 2026-04-06: Created IBM Quantum — superconducting QPU; qLDPC error correction progress; 2029/2033 FTQC roadmap; Qiskit cloud platform.
  • 2026-04-05: Created quantum-computing section with initial entries: IonQ, Quantinuum, Xanadu.
  • 2026-04-05: Created Xanadu — photonic QC; Borealis Nature 2022 advantage claim; Aurora 12-qubit system; March 2026 IPO (XNDU); $250M+ raised.
  • 2026-04-05: Created Quantinuum — trapped-ion; Helios 98 qubits, 99.921% 2Q fidelity; 94 logical qubits milestone; Honeywell ~54% ownership.
  • 2026-04-05: Created IonQ — trapped-ion; Forte/Tempo hardware; FY2024/2025 revenue from SEC filings; Skyloom/SkyWater acquisitions; all-founder departures.
  • 2026-04-04: Reorganized energy/batteries by value-chain layers; added cross-cutting insights and Q1 2026 updates across 12+ companies including tariff and supply chain impacts.
  • 2026-04-04: Created HyperStrong — top-5 global BESS integrator; added to Systems Integrators table.
  • 2026-04-04: Created CNTE — Contemporary Nebula Technology Energy battery entry.